Dishwashing machine



Feb. 23, 1954 J. o, MCMILLAN 2,669,999

DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed Dec. 11, 1948 3 SheetsShe et 1 INVENTOR Jmes O. McMuLAN ATTQQNEY Feb. 23, 1954- J. o. MCMILLAN 2,669,999

DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed Dec. 11, 1948 s Sheets-Shet 2 \uvau-roa JAMES 0. MCMILLAN ATTORNEY Feb. 23, 1954 J, o, cm 2,669,999

DISHWASHING MACHINE Filed Dec: 11, 1948 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 \NVENTOR JAMES C. McMaLLAu ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 23, 1954 UNITED s'rares PATENT OFFICE 1 DI'SHWASHIN G MACHINE lamest McMillan, Wichita, Kans., assignor to zFrank J- .Ahla Wichita, Kans- Aiu lic ion D cem er 11, 1948, iscriaio. 64950 .11 Elaine. 1

This invention relates general to dishwashing machines and in particular to a dishwasher adapted to receive a basket of soiled dishes, and which employs a hydro-actuated rotating jet member, a detergent supply and automatic control of liquid and detergent-supply.

Many devices have been developed in the art of washing dishes and yet there cannot be 'found in the field a dishwasher which is compact, easy to install and service, thoroughly efficient in operation both as to rapidity washing, and sanitary and sterilizing in function, and within the price range ofthe average potential user.

One of th most important goals in dishwashing devices is the use of fresh water and detergent every time-a fresh batch of dishes is being washed. Continuous use of the same water and detergent soon renders same unsanitary and actually a menace to health. The human element cannot be depended on to change water when it needs changing and for that reason my device is so designed as to automatically provide for use of fresh liquid and detergent every time a new tray of dishes is being washed.

In the design of my dishwasher I have kept moving elements to a minimum, have eliminated use of electrical devices and have employed the properties inherent in the force provided by flowing water at normal city water pressures to actuate a rotating jet member, to time the period of washing, and to actuate various valves for detergent supply and the draining procedure.

To provide for economy in use of water and detergent I have so designed my dishwasher that the initial period of washing includes a mixture of hot water and detergent which, after its jet action, gravitates to a reservoir from which it is picked up by special heads on the jet member, and is mixed with fresh liquid to wealgen the detergent solution until the final period of washing is done by liquid of very little detergent content.

Keeping the general objective and function of my dishwasher in mind it is one ofthe primary objects of my invention to provide a dishwasher of the class described, a chamber for receiving a basket of dishes, a rotatable jet member in the lower portion of the chamber adapted to direct streams of liquid against the dishes, rotation of said jet member being efiected by the pressure of theliquid being discharged therefrom.

Another object or the invention is to provide an automatic timing valve which is manually set into operation to start the flow of liquid but which will close automatically after a predetermined period of time.

Eltis another object of the invention to provide adjusting means for setting the valve mechanism for a predetermined closing time to vary the lengthof washing time.

And another object of the invention is the provision of a detergent supply and related chambers and valves automatically controlled by the flow of liquid whereby a predetermined quantity of detergent will be mixed with the liquid on each cycle of operation of the device.

A further object of the invention is to inject the detergent upon the initial new of fresh liquid so that the first washing will be with a strong detergent action with further washings becoming weakerin detergent strength.

One iurther'object is to provide .a transparent container for the detergent which renders same visible, whereby the supply :of detergent may be replenished before it is depleted, minimizing the possibility of operatin the dishwasher without detergent.

And a further object of the invention is the provision of a reservoir below the washingchamher to receive the gravitating liquid from the jets and dishes, said reservoir having an adjustable overflow permitting retention of a certain quantity of liquid in the reservoir and automatic means for draining the reservoir upon completio of the washing cycle.

And one more object of the invention is to provido-xa. jet member having arms of different lengths each carrying a jet nozzle head, the different length arms providing means for spacing the heads in equidistant circular paths.

And another object of the invention is the pro vision of jet nozzle heads positioned at a predetermined depth in a supply of liquid in the reservoir, said heads being so constructed as to provide for mixture and discharge of air, liquid fromtbe reservoir, and fresh liquid.

It is another object of the invention to provide reservoir with the bottom sloping downwardly toward the center and with circumferential ribs whereby centrifugal action of the jet member will not cau e outward movement of the liquid and starving or some of the jet nozzle heads.

One more object of the invention is to provide in the jet member pivot support, a ball bearing arrangement which will eliminate all friction of fiat surface upon flat surface, the entire load of the jet member being'carried by the ball bearing due to the force exerted upwardly by the pressure of the fresh liquid supply.

And still another object of the invention is to provide in an automatic liquid flow control desure on the other side'of thepiston valve caus-' ing it to open for free passage of liquid, full length movement of the first-mentioned piston valve closing by positive contact the second-mentioned valve whereupon the first-mentioned valve will slowly close as the pressure is built up be-' hind it.

Another object of the invention is to provide in a dishwasher of the class described a detergent supply source, a detergent chamber just be low the supply source, a normally closed valve between the supply source and the detergent chamber, amixing chamber below the detergent chamber, a normally open valve between the detergent chamber and the mixing chamber, the

second-mentioned valve being operable by the pressure of the fresh liquid, closing of the second-mentioned valve causing opening of the firstmentioned valve to fill the detergent chamber with detergent, removal of pressure of the fresh liquid against the second-mentioned valve permitting it to drop, closing the first-mentioned valve and letting the detergent gravitate into the fresh liquid conduit where it will remain until the next washing cycle is started.

And still another object is to so arrange the detergent source and the detergent valving means that the valving operation will cause agitation of the detergent by air bubbles.

One more object of the invention is to provide in the washing chamber, supports for the dish basket and side guides to retain the basket in proper position for washing, said side guides being so constructed and arranged to act as deflectors for the streams of liquid discharging from the jets,. and to add strength to the cabinet.

And still one more object of the inventionis to provide sectional doors to the washing chamber which can be raisedand lowered easily, which overlap sumciently on each other and at the top and bottom of the chamber to prevent leakage of the washing liquid, and which have bafiles adjacent overlapping portions for shielding against the liquid.

The dishwasher can be broken down into the following components; namely, the cabinet with its doors and removable top; the basket for the dishes and its supports, basket guides and liquid deflectors, the jet member with its special jet heads and nozzles, the reservoir in which the jet member rotates and the special drain therefrom, the fresh liquid valve control mechanism, and

the detergent supply and valving and mixing ar Fig. l is a side elevational view of the dishwashing machine with parts being broken away to better illustrate certain other parts. I

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary crosssectiona1 view through an upper cornerof the cab we door. as emb e Fig. 3 is a similar view through a basket support, guide and liquid deflector.

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the dishwasher with the sides and cover removed to show the reservoir, the jet member and the basket supports.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged, fragmentary, detailed cross-section on the line 55 of Fig. 4, through the reservoir, jet member and drain.

Fig. 6" is a similar view throughuone of the jet heads on the line 68 in Fig.5.

Fig. '7 is a similar view through the reservoir "drain, the control valve for the fresh liquid supply and the detergent supply means.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged, fragmentary elevational view of the control valve and the operators foot pedal for manually placing same in operation.

Fig. 9 is a similarview in a larger scale of a portion'of the timing control mechanism shown in Fig. 7, parts being shown in elevation and section for clarity.

Referring now tothe drawings by numerals of reference I is a rectangular frame or platform having suitable legs 2 which may be provided- With leveling adjustment screws 3. A cabinet 4 may rest around the inner edge of the frame I to form the washing chamber 5. A suitable top 6 may be provided and may be removable.

Two opposite sides of the cabinet are normally closed by telescoping doors I, suitably guided at the sides by guides 8, the doors havingv hooked portions 9 and 9' overlapping each other forraising of the doors to closed position. Hook portion I 6 is provided at the top of the upper door member and is adapted to catch on lip II provided on top 6. Suitable handles I2 may be provided and a liquid deflector I3 may be positioned adjacent the overlapping portions Ill and II to eliminate leakage of water at that point. Drip member I4 catches any accumulations of moisture about the handle I2 when the doors are in open position, the moisture passing to the interior of the cabinet through opening I5. Lip I4 also serves to deflect drippings of moisture back into the cabinet.

Removably carried by the frame I are basket supports I6 which extend upwardly from theframe and. slightly inwardly from the sides of the cabinet. The basket I! rests on the supports I6 and is kept centered thereon by the angular guides I8 which are formed on and reinforce the side walls of the cabinet l. Guides It also serveas liquid deflectors as will be hereinafter explained.

=Concentrically located on frame I is a circular reservoir I9, the floor 20 of which inclines downwardly and inwardly toward the center. Spaced about the perimeter of the reservoir and extending inwardly are a plurality of ribs or deflectors 2I which break up the circular movement or whirling of liquid in the reservoir.

In one corner of the reservoir and frame is a sump 22 with upstanding overflow member 23 carrying a sleeved adjustable overflow ring 24, raising or lowering of which will govern the level of the liquid 25 in the reservoir.

A drain opening 26- is provided in the bottom of the sump and a screen 21 is positioned in the sump and spaced from the sump floor by projections 28.

Centrally located in the reservoir is the inlet opening 29 to which is connected the conduit 30. Mounted in the opening 29 is the hollow shaft 3| terminating at its upper end in a reduced shaft section 32.. Openings 33 vfrom the hollow shaft 3| connect with the chambe!f .3.4 ;formed;

aircrew in the 'hub 3:5, a circular 01ieent3 posit on d in chamber .34. The hub :35 is rotatably mQum Qfi on shaft 3-! and has a threaded cap in which is rotatably positioned on reduced shaft :33 nd carries :3: ball hearing 38.

:Nut at -.=threaded 1,y -.en as.1ng reduced sh ft -32, bears against ball bearing 38 and holds the entire assembly in proper rot table po ition. A protective cap at pr sses-d wn ove th ad can 31and covers the nut and zballibearing to prevent ent a of moisture h retohe .hub 13-5 has a nluralit of threade pneuin s 4.1 in ea h :of .which i carr ed a be l w a m flat the end of which i aiet h ad at n w be not d in F eac of th is o 4.1 ferenl n t s t a the et head w l trave in if e ent o bit a how T s will provide et wash n cove a e ev a lar e are the chamber.

c nt a cha ber M fe tat-bead o ens to th rm .2. h nd o chamb -d4 bein plugged by suitable cap '55. chamber 451s surrounded by a chamber {#6 preferably eccentrically related to chamber 44 and having a wall.

' t-The t ming adiustm nt {or the fl w n includes a stem s5 -:w ii h"-.nasses use A. d ain chamb 25.2, ha in a dens ti t passes thrnushitb iza eiseatlit, the @2 d. hein s pplied w th; u edtk ub 9;! ment purposes a will lee her after -The-Ma1ve 56.4, w en under alllfissuce, #15 and cannot no mal betu ecdthe spQ n :51 9f sle t-e ifiln which is islidaib 3 leeve it?! by means o dinalslot 10, 2m 02 1} g revent disen agement of the M19? a threaded portion piston 5 z lozn c e about zthe stem 16.5 where ittpasses t wall of the drain chambe l pac in land '11! with seal ns e emen A foot pedal :12 is n n ed at abutting the iknurled zkl o the .control valve stem @5- The detergent mixuiacham e zfl ex ee s erably .verticallyas showntwith a tral div g 41 ,to break the continuity of chamber as. A Wall ssceusin the ireshliquid to new unwardli portion of the outer-Wall of the .eccentric chamber is formed of ascreen 45.

Leading from chamber AA is a small jet tip 9 which is ,in tdireot alignrnen t with a larger jet nozzle-5B leading from the eccentric chamber 46 and shaped to providea Venturi effect. The small jet is flared as shown.

To balance :the ,jet'member with its arms of if e t n ths I on em late empl y ng one of ,several methods or a combination of both.

The jet heads maybe made of. different materials orthe caps vd5 maybeofdifferent weights to act as counterbalance elements. Y

v,It will be notedthatthe jet heads can be moved ineither direction about .the arms to change the angle of the .jet and consequent speed of rotation ofthe jet member, the depth of jtheliquid in the reservoir alsoafiecting the rotating ,speed of the jet member.

For ease in cleaningand repairing, the entire jetv member can be removedquickly and expeditiously by removal of protective cap All .andnut 39, the jetmember then being .liftedvertically from its rotative position. on shaft .3 I

The automatic control for the liquid supply comprises .a .valve chamber ,fil one end of which is adjacent the drain chamber bland the other end of which is adjacent a detergent mixing chamber 53. The ,fresh liquid supply conduit 54 leads into the valve .-.Ghamb,er ,5! near the detergent mixing chamber end, a port opening .55 being provided betweenthe valve chamber and the detergent mixing chamber.

'I'he valve chamber .51 is in theform, of awcylinder and carries therein a piston .valve 58 with resilient packing ring 51. A bleeder opening 58 with circumferential grooveid and screen .60 are provided 01 the piston for vthe purpose hereinafter specified. The end of the piston v5'6 is adapted to id /t against the resilient insert SJ positioned adjacent the opening 55. A compression springBZ seats against one end vofthe valve chamber .5! 'andiagainst the ,ualve-seat end of the piston .56.

gAt the r end o the hai be 5. Qpposite rport openingiS'z'Vflll/I-G :seat;6;3' .carriecl in the nwall of thedrainchamber; 52, avalvtezfifl beingadapted to :rest .against the .seat 63 lit 0 =preventfiow ;of iqu dzir m ;.the chamber :5! ,toothe drain; chamber 5.

over the n and then downwa d a shown by arrows to quickly mix the .iie fi l iltt 2 first flow of liquid.

The upper end of the nett e-containi chem: ber terminates with send 'iafl :5 it located va valve .Tl' gthedgwer end of Mn M be weighted to normal y ravita e 2 na tion asshown. Thevalve 737. 1%? ing 1.8 extending part ,of $116 twat lYI 5 openings :19 below which is elocat a a M ing ring 0 adapted 1:110 ,ts eat aga nst yalye 81 when the valve is moved to closed position.

Above the detergent mixing cha nbq is 1 0 41 a detergent measuring chamber 2, a s u able detergent container 18-3 beingiadapted 9170 ea in seated position by clamp 1&3. fiThe co ta er 83 receives .3 special valve;cap;8;4 85 .and strainer cage 186. The all in alignment with the valve {H end is adapted to be contacted a and opened thereby, -,p ,errnitting a supply ofdetergent to w 1down int the detergent .measuring chamber BZ 1- between said chamber 8:2 tan-d mixing chamber "being closed.

:A. pressure conduit fifl'tleadsrfmm $1. 6 'flfib l' fil t mixing .chamber -.to athe Qdrain Waive pressune chamber 88 adjacent thedrain chamber 52 a valve 89 being operativelyflocated=inthe wall of pressure chamber .818 and in ali nm nt lf t drain opening in the bottom of sump zg, the flange v.89 adapted to seat {around d waste pipe '92 to wasteline of the-building.

A suitable supply of detergent can be placed incontainer 83. Itca-n be mentiqned herthata sterilizing liquid hat one o---manysubstanees which can be added to the detergent or used separately in container 83 which is inverted over the detergent measuring chamber 82 after cap 84 with its ball valve 85 and ball cage 86 has been applied to said container. Some of the detergent may be poured into the chamber 82 for the initial starting of the process. However, this is not necessary after the first time.

When the machine is not operating the valves 11 and 89 are open. Thevalve 64 and piston valve 56 are closed and there is fresh liquid under normal pressure in conduit 54 and in valve chamber having passed through bleeder opening 58, the pressure of the liquid plus the action of the spring normally urging the piston 56 into port (55) closing position. A predetermined quantity of detergent is lying at the bottom of conduit 30 preparatory to mixing with fresh liquid.

The next step is the placing of the dishes into the machine. They are first placed into the basket H, the doors I are dropped down and the basket slid into place on supports l6 and guided by angular members l8. The doors are then closed and the operator steps down on foot pedal 12 and then removes his foot. Control valve stem 65 will be forced inwardly, valve 64 will be unseated permitting liquid under pressure in valve chamber or cylinder 5| to pass out through valve seat 63 into drain chamber 52 and down the waste pipe 92. At this time the pressure on both sides of the piston 56 will be unbalanced and the pressure exerted by the fresh liquid supply coming through conduit 54 will overcome the compression spring 62 and force the piston away from the opening 55 permitting the fresh liquid to pass through said opening.

The movement of the piston 56 in either direction is not a rapid one but is timed by the passing of the liquid through valve seat 63 and port 58. When the piston has moved a predetermined distance to the left the piston end wall contacts the tube 69 and forces the valve 64 toward its seat to close the passage through the valve seat 63 around the loose fitting valve stem. When the liquid flow into chamber 52 is stopped the liquid continues to reach chamber 5| through port 58 and as the pressure gradually builds up the piston 56 is moved to the right to close port 55 stopping the fiow of fresh liquid.

Adjustment of the period of fresh liquid flow is obtained by turning knurled knob 66 in one direction or the other causing the threaded stem 65 to move the tube 69 either inwardly or outwardly in sleeve 61 to change the distance between the end of tube 69 and the piston wall 56'.

When the foot pedal is depressed and the fresh liquid starts flowing it passes upwardly in detergent mixing chamber 53 over the central dividing wall '15 and down into conduit 38. The building up of the pressure of the liquid in chamber 53 causes valve 11 to raise, closing openings 18 and 19, the top of said valve 71 contacting ball valve 85 to open same. At this time detergent will flow down into detergent measuring chamber 82 filling same. Air bubbles will flow up through the detergent to cause agitation thereof.

The liquid under pressure in chamber 53 also passes through small conduit 81 to drain valve pressure chamber 88 forcing drain valve 89 upward into positionclosing drain opening 26.

The hot fresh liquid mixed with a detergent passes up through conduit 36 and out openings 33 into hollow arms 42 and out through small jet tips .49 and largerjet nozzles 50. The nozzles may be set at any angle desired and the force of the liquid being ejected therefrom will cause the entire jet assembly to rotate. The speed of rotation may be varied by changing the angle of the jet heads. The depth of the liquid in the reservoir IE will also affect the speed of rotation of the jet assembly.

It will be seen in Fig. 4 that the length of arms 42 are all different, spacing the heads 43 in concentric equidistant paths to give a broader let coverage. The use of Venturi jets and the mixing with air will give a greater force and volume to the amount offresh liquid supplied.

At the start of each washing cycle the reservoir I9 is free of liquid. However, upon the initial fiow of fresh liquid and the closing of the drain valve 89 the mixture of liquid and detergent gravitating from the dishes and jets will accumulate in the reservoir to a depth determined by the setting of adjustable overflow 24. The force of the fresh liquid passing through the jet heads 43 will now pick up a mixture of liquid and air from the reservoir as shown in Fig. 6.

It is only the initial short period of fresh liquid supply which has a high concentration of detergent, continued flow of fresh liquid being free of detergent but picking up a gradually weakening solution from the reservoir. As the flow of fresh liquid continues and mixes with the liquid from the reservoir the detergent content decreases until the dishes are being rinsed with practically clear liquid.

When the flow of liquid stops by the closing of port 55, pressure is relieved on drain valve 89 which opens to completely drain the reservoir; the valve 1'! is opened permitting a charge of detergent to gravitate into the detergent mixing chamber 53 awaiting the next washing cycle.

The basket of dishes may now be removed or they may be rewashed as many times as desired, the normal washing period found by actual test to be from thirty seconds to a minute and a half, depending on the adjustment of the automatic liquid control mechanism. However, this period may be whatever is found desirable and is limited only by the range of the automatic liquid control mechanism. After removal of the dishes the machine itself can be washed out by the same operation with or without detergent although it has been found that the machine is cleaned each time the dishes are washed and that further washing of the machine is not necessary.

Where the city water pressure is low it has been found that the machine will operate for a longer period to compensate for the lack of pressure. This is because it takes longer for the piston 56 to act under lower pressure. Also, where conditions of low water pressure are encountered a booster pump or other suitable auxiliary pressure boosting means may be employed, preferably connected to the supply line to increase the pressure of the liquid therein. A pressure switch operated by the liquid pressure in the detergent chamber 53 will provide for automatic control of the electric booster pump or other booster means.

From the preceding specifications it will be seen that I have provided a dishwashing machine which is relatively simple in construction and operation and which can be installed under the counter in a convenient and out of the way place. A washing and rinsing with clear fresh liquid and detergent is provided during each washing cycle and soiled water is not continuously used. The jet member is rotated by the FQJQQQQ tast of; the. i iuicl; dis ha ing ther remand the Jet hea are designed. tenic up liqu d. rom a reservo r below the wash n chamber at e ratcofone. par ef. iquid to. are part reservoir liquid; the concentration of detergent f radua ly dimini hin during e was ycl The device is manually set into operation to start the washing. cycle which continues thereafter automatically; closing of drain and detergent valves and operation of the liquid flow control mechanism and the rotation of the sprays being automatic.

With each of the jet heads rotating in a difierent orbit a wide coverage of washing obtained so that liquid will reach all sides, or the articles in the basket.

I;t is obvious that many changes may be, made in form, proportion and details, of construction without departing from the spirit of inventijpn I reserve all rights to such and ges as charge of fresh liquid from the jet member willcau e, the jet member to rotate athighsp ed until the supply of liquid in the reservoir build up to. a level where the jet heads beg picking up liquid from the reservoir. slows down the speed of rotation of the jet member but not the force of the jet. discharging from each head.

What I claim as newand desire to secure by Letters-.Eatent is:

1. In a dishwashing device of the class described, a washing chamber, means for positioning articles to be washed in the chamber, a liquid reservoir at the bottom of the chamber, a jet member in the chamber below the articles to be washed, portions of said jet member being immersed in the liquid reservoir and portion of said jet member extending above the liquid in the liquid reservoir, means for supplying fresh liquid under pressure to the jet member, inclined jets on the jet member, said jet member being rotatable by the force of the liquid discharging from the inclined jets, means for supplying liquid from the reservoir to the jet member for mixing with the fresh liquid and discharge from said jet member.

2. In a dishwashin device of the class described, a washing chamber, means for positioning articles to be washed in the chamber, a liquid reservoir at the bottom of the chamber, a jet member in the chamber below the articles to be washed, portions of said jet member being immersed in the liquid reservoir and portions of said jet member extending above the liquid in the liquid reservoir, means for supp-lying fresh liquid under pressure to the jet member, inclined jets on the jet member, said jet member being rotatable at high speed by the force of the initial supply of fresh liquid discharging from the inclined jets, means for supplyin liquid from the reservoir to the jet member for mixing with the fresh liquidand discharge from the jet member, means including the liquid in the reservoir for slowing down the speed of rotation of the jet member as the level of said reservoir liquid increases.

3. In a dishwashing device of the class described, a washing chamber, means for positioning articles to be washed in the chamber, a liquid reservoir. at the bottom of the chamber, a jet member injtlie chamber below the articles to be washed, portions of said jet member being imthe res rvo r flier 1.

- mes ed" the quid eservoir ago e in sai jet member below the eu. lee; e the liq iid iv-ins li uid: therei em to. be mixedwithv the ir liquid and di ected by: the i t. member against. the articles to be. w hed- 4. The structure as. specified in cla m 1;, mean for maintaining the liquid in the reservoir at a predetermined level for desired: Qhemtion or the jet member, means torsupnlying liquid ram said reservoir comprising an inlet adjacent th bottom of said jet. member, a. portion or said. inle being submerged, in the. liquid supplai the. reservoir whereby air'and liquid will be simultaneously supplied to the jet memberr Thev structure as specified in claim 1,, nd a adjustable, overflow .irom the liquid r servoir. t maintain the liquid. therein at a redetermine level for desired operation of th jet. member.

6. The structure as specified el im. it sai jet member comprising a plurality i hollow arms, each carrying a jet. head at the and there of, a chamber in. the jet head connecting with the hollow arm, a, dischar e jet. lsen-nethe chamber, the inclined jets on the, Jet; mem- 13ers. being alignment. with the discharge le opening.

The. structure as. specified. n claim is said jet, member commie-mac pluralist r hellow arms, jet heads for use on said arms including a chamber connectin with the hollow arm, a secondary chamber in the jet head, a discharge jet opening between the two chambers, a jet nozzle on the head having one end opening to the secondary chamber and aligned with the discharge jet opening, said means for supplying liquid from said reservoir comprising an air and liquid intake opening from the lower portion of the secondary chamber, a portion of said lastnamed opening being immersible in liquid in the reservoir, whereby the force of the liquid passin through the discharge jet opening between the two chambers will draw liquid from the reservoir and air from above the liquid into the secondary chamber for mixing and discharge out through the jet nozzle.

8. The structure as specified in claim 1, said jet member comprising a plurality of hollow arms, jet heads for use on said arms, a central chamber in each of the heads, the hollow arm opening into said central chamber, a secondary chamber partially surrounding the central chamber and eccentrically related thereto, a discharge jet opening between the central chamber and the secondary chamber, a jet nozzle leading from the secondary chamber and aligned with the discharge jet opening, said means for supplying liquid from said reservoir comprisin a screened opening at the lower end of the secondary chamber, said screened opening being partially immersible in the liquid in the reservoir, whereby the force of the liquid passing through the discharge opening between the two chambers will draw liquid from the reservoir and air from above the liquid into the secondary chamber for mixing and discharge through the jet nozzle.

9. In a dishwashing device of the class described, a washing chamber, means for positionuid reservoir at the bottom of the chamber, a jet "member in the chamber below the'articles to be Washed, portions of said jet member being immersed in the liquid reservoir and portions of 'said jet member extending above the liquid in the liquid reservoir, means for supplying a predetermined quantity of fresh liquid under pressure to the jet member, inclined jets on the jet member, said jet member being rotatable by the force of the liquid discharging from the inclined jets, means for supplying liquid from the reservoir to the jet member for mixing with the fresh liquid and discharge from said jet member.

10. In a dishwashing device of the class described, a washing chamber, means for positioning articles to be washed in the chamber, a. jet member in the chamber below the articles to be washed, jet heads on the jet member, means for supplying fresh liquid to the jet member, said jet heads being partially immersed in the liquid in the reservoir, an inlet in each jet head to receive liquid from the reservoir, a second inlet in "each jet head to receive fresh liquid from the fresh liquid supply, and a discharge jet nozzle on each jet head to discharge the fresh liquid and "the liquid received from the reservoir.

11. In a dishwashing device of the class described, a liquid reservoir and a jet member, jet

heads on the jet member, each jet head includ- -ing afresh liquid chamber, a second chamber,

an inlet in the second chamber, said inlet being immersible in the liquid in the reservoir, an outlet from'the fresh liquid chamber, a discharge jet nozzle from the second chamber in alignment with the outlet from the fresh liquid chamber, the

5 zle.

12 force of the liquid discharging from the fresh liquid chamber drawing liquid from the reservoir through the inlet and discharging a mixture of fresh and reservoir liquid from the discharge noz- JAMES o. MCMILLAN.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,265,843 Walker May 14, 1918 1,340,517 Ashley May 18, 1920 1,502,131 Vaudreuil July 22, 1924 1,686,456 Kohler Oct. 2, 1928 1,737,794 Henderson Dec. 3,-1929 1,738,839 McClintock Dec. 10, 1929 1,843,727 Lederman Feb. 2, 1932 1,876,223 Hagey Sept. 6, 1932 1,946,536 Kohler Feb. 13, 1934 1,960,816 Kehoe May 29, 1934 2,032,189 stilling Feb. 25, 1936 2,109,958 Finley et a1. Mar. 1, 1938 2,127,778 Lewis Aug. 23, 1938 2,174,729 Schlack Oct. 3, 1939 2,177,219 Lewis Oct. 24, 1939 2,203,029 Partridge June 4, 1940 2,228,205 Dwyer Jan. 7, 1941 2,254,269 Clark et a1. Sept. 2, 1941 2,257,436 Walker Sept. 30, 1941 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 97,986 Sweden Feb. 6, 1940 

